Orthodox Presbyterian Church Data report

State of the Field: Orthodox Presbyterian Church

Every congregation in the directory, read against all fourteen GospelGraph layers

Every congregation in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church's directory was placed on the census tract its building stands in and that tract read against every national layer GospelGraph holds. The directory carries a presbytery for each church, so this report can also read the seventeen presbyteries side by side, which the Associate Reformed roster cannot.

Three hundred and thirty-one tracts is a small base; one tract is three tenths of a point. The two half-coverage layers rest on 198 and 175 tracts and the presbytery tables on twenty to thirty-five each. The report states the base where a figure leans on it.

Measures are taken on distinct tracts, not on congregations. Every share is taken against its own layer's scored base. The national column is the 84,414 tracts of the church-fit index unless a layer says otherwise.

01

The directory, and what joined

The directory export carries 338 rows and arrived geocoded to 2020 tracts. 334 landed on a scored tract. The four that did not are in Puerto Rico, which the church-fit index does not cover.

The 334 occupy 331 distinct tracts. Three tracts hold two congregations; none holds more. This is the least clustered roster in the series, which section 3 explains.

How much of each layer the 331 tracts are scored on
LayerOPC tracts scoredShareNational base
Church-fit index331100%84,414
Shalom v2331100%95,837
Both trajectory clocks, MVI, segmentation, patterns331100%84,414
Situation tags31896.1%95,837
Field signals19859.8%57,412
Field instruments17552.9%43,044
Nearest churchless high-need tract331100%547 targets
02

Where the churches are

Forty-four states hold a congregation, the widest spread of the three reformed rosters relative to size. No state holds more than an eighth of the denomination.

Congregations placed, by state. The ten largest
41California
28Pennsylvania
21Michigan
20Texas
18New Jersey
18Virginia
16Florida
16Wisconsin
13Ohio
12Illinois
The eight counties holding the most congregations
CountyCongregations
Orange County, CA9
Los Angeles County, CA6
Kent County, MI6
San Diego County, CA5
Montgomery County, PA4
Sheboygan County, WI4
Maricopa County, AZ3
Cook County, IL3

The largest county holds nine churches. The OPC is thinly spread across a wide map, and the presbytery table in section 14 is where that spread turns into differences that matter.

03

Access

Access and church density, tract means
MeasureOPCNation
GDI (access), mean46.150.0
Churches in tract, mean8.56.8
Miles to nearest other church, mean0.770.96
Tracts with no church at all2.1%11.6%
Tracts in the two worst tiers (GDI 60+)8.2%20.3%
Tracts in the Desert tier (GDI 75+)0.0%1.0%
Access tier, share of tracts
TierOPCNation
Watered, 0 to 252.1%1.6%
Sparse, 25 to 4545.0%30.9%
Dry, 45 to 6045.0%46.3%
Arid, 60 to 757.9%18.9%
Desert, 75 to 1000.0%1.0%

The OPC stands on the best-served ground of any roster in the series. Its share of tracts in the two worst access tiers is 8.2 percent against a national 20.3, less than half. The Arid tier alone is 7.9 percent against 18.9. Church density is modest, 8.5 per tract, the lowest of the four rosters, and the OPC is the only one whose modal tract holds between two and ten other churches rather than more.

Other churches counted in the tract, distribution across the 331 OPC tracts
None counted7
One, the OPC congregation alone18
Two to five104
Six to ten104
Eleven to nineteen76
Twenty or more22
6.6%of OPC tracts hold twenty or more other churches, against 29.6% for the ARP.
04

Settlement type, built form and viability

Archetype, share of tracts
ArchetypeOPCNation
Suburban56.5%42.8%
Urban, sparse30.8%32.1%
Exurban8.5%12.6%
Urban, dense3.0%7.9%
Rural1.2%4.6%

Fourteen points more suburban than the country and a quarter as rural: four rural tracts in the whole denomination. Sparse-urban presence is at the national rate, which sets the OPC apart from the ARP.

Built form, viability and encounter form
MeasureOPCNation
MVI composite54.851.2
Street intersection density49.750.0
Third place density46.844.2
Public room density50.147.8
Encounter: thin or fragmented fabric38.7%45.1%
Encounter: neighborhood tissue46.8%42.2%
Encounter: civic anchor node12.4%11.4%
Encounter: commercial node2.1%1.3%
MVI posture, share of OPC tracts. Derived, so no national column
Strengthen  ·  viable ground, reached36.6%
Sustain  ·  fragile ground, reached27.5%
Plant  ·  viable ground, low access24.8%
Partner  ·  fragile ground, low access11.2%
50%is the full bar. The OPC is the only roster in the series whose largest posture is Strengthen rather than Plant: viable ground that is already reached.

Viability is the highest of the four rosters after the PCA, and the OPC has the most neighborhood tissue and the least fragmented fabric of any of them. It stands in well-connected, well-served places.

05

Need pressure and the eight domains

Pressure and poverty, tract means
Need pressure  the nation50.2
Need pressure  OPC45.1
9.9%poverty in the average OPC tract, against 13.2% nationally. The lowest need and the lowest poverty of any roster in the series, by a clear margin.
Ministry alignment, tract means. Nation scaled to 50
DomainOPCNationGap
Housing stability53.350.0+3.3
Reconciliation48.250.0−1.8
Safety and justice46.150.0−3.9
Education43.750.0−6.3
Environment42.850.0−7.2
Economic opportunity42.649.9−7.3
Health42.150.1−8.0
Family stability41.450.0−8.6

Seven of eight domains sit below the nation, five of them by six points or more. Family stability, health, economic opportunity and the environment domain all sit seven to nine points under. The one exception is housing stability, three points above, which the field signals in section 9 corroborate from another direction: the OPC's neighborhoods are comfortable on most measures and strained on housing.

06

Shalom, level and change

Shalom v2, tract means
MeasureOPCNationGap
2024 composite54.949.6+5.3
2024 living pillar55.649.5+6.1
2024 health pillar50.348.2+2.1
2024 hope pillar55.950.3+5.6
2020 composite55.250.4+4.8
Change, 2020 to 2024−0.29−0.76+0.47
Tracts that fell since 202053.8%54.6%−0.8

Five points above the nation on wellbeing, six on living and hope, and falling at less than half the national rate. The OPC's ground is the best-off in the series on this layer and it is holding better than the country's.

The Shalom domain falling fastest in each tract. From field instruments, 52.9% coverage
DomainOPCNation
Life and health37.6%28.7%
Justice and protection20.6%29.3%
Provision and work19.4%19.9%
Household and generations19.4%19.0%
Social fabric2.9%3.1%
−12.7mean size of that steepest fall, against −14.7 nationally. Where OPC ground is slipping, it slips on health first, nine points more often than the country. Base: 175 tracts.
07

The three clocks

GIM v3, the long-baseline clock
MeasureOPCNation
Change per four years, mean1.391.39
Opening55.7%54.3%
Opening fast11.7%13.6%
Hardening27.0%25.7%
Hardening fast5.7%6.4%
GDI trajectory, the four-vintage clock
MeasureOPCNation
Slope per year, mean0.0750.005
Total change across vintages, mean0.510.03
Stable69.2%64.4%
Easing, accelerating9.1%10.6%
Intensifying, accelerating11.5%10.4%
Intensifying, decelerating3.0%3.7%
Easing, decelerating3.3%3.5%
Easing2.7%3.3%
Field instruments, direction and pressure. 52.9% coverage; shares are of the 175 tracts the layer resolves
MeasureOPCNation
Direction: hardening82.7%80.0%
Direction: hardening fast17.3%20.0%
Rising pressure: domain only56.6%56.3%
Rising pressure: confirmed40.6%39.8%
Long exposure27.4%18.6%
Vacancy delta, latest−0.0046−0.0078
Cost burden delta, latest+0.0097+0.0079
Poverty delta, latest−0.0042−0.0048

The activation delta is omitted; its national mean is a tail artifact.

The long-baseline clock puts the OPC exactly on the nation. The four-vintage clock does not: the access score under OPC tracts has risen at 0.075 a year, fifteen times the national rate, for half a point across the four vintages. That is the largest access drift on any roster in the series, and it runs in the direction of less access. On ground that starts at 46.1 it is a drift from very well served toward well served, and it is consistent with suburbs whose population outgrows their church count. The two clocks disagree because they measure different things: GIM v3 reads Shalom over twelve windows, the trajectory reads the access score over four. Both are reported; neither is overruled.

08

Households: thirty segments

Weighted by full composition and by household count. Lift is the OPC share divided by the national share.

All thirty core segments, ordered by national share
SegmentLifeModeNationOPCLift
Affluent Owner Family SuburbsL113.7%22.3%1.63x
Exurban Working HomeownersL113.6%18.6%1.36x
Dense Professional and Solo HouseholdsL110.3%11.8%1.15x
Cost-Pressed Family SuburbsL19.3%6.5%0.69x
Highway Corridor CommutersL96.6%10.2%1.55x
High-Achievement HomeownersL13.7%2.7%0.73x
Established Blue-Collar HomeownersL22.9%2.4%0.81x
Affluent Mature Owner CouplesL52.7%5.0%1.87x
Middle-Income Established HomeownersL52.5%3.6%1.45x
Urban Residential Block HoldoutsL82.5%1.5%0.58x
Affluent New-Build FamiliesL72.3%3.0%1.31x
Young Multifamily WorkersL22.2%1.1%0.49x
Car-Oriented Creative RentersL42.2%1.5%0.66x
Low-Income Solo HoldoutsL102.1%2.3%1.08x
Car-Oriented Working Gateway FamiliesL62.1%0.0%0.00x
Professional Multifamily HouseholdsL52.0%1.1%0.53x
Working New-Subdivision FamiliesL72.0%2.1%1.05x
Multifamily First-TimersL71.9%0.0%0.00x
Crowded Commuter FamiliesL21.8%0.5%0.28x
Industrial-Fringe HomeownersL101.7%1.5%0.87x
Young Urban Working RentersL101.6%0.5%0.33x
Affluent Transit-City CreativesL41.5%0.0%0.00x
Dense Gateway FamiliesL61.5%0.4%0.27x
Crowded Extended-Family HomeownersL51.4%0.4%0.24x
Logistics-Corridor HomeownersL61.3%0.0%0.00x
Transit-Dependent Gateway HouseholdsL61.3%0.0%0.00x
Established Urban Gateway HomeownersL61.2%0.5%0.40x
Dense Solo Gateway RentersL60.8%0.3%0.41x
Garden Apartment Young AdultsL30.7%0.4%0.59x
Bus-Dependent RentersL80.5%0.0%0.00x

Six of the thirty segments have no OPC presence at all: Car-Oriented Working Gateway Families, Multifamily First-Timers, Affluent Transit-City Creatives, Logistics-Corridor Homeowners, Transit-Dependent Gateway Households and Bus-Dependent Renters. Together those six are 8.9 percent of American households. Every gateway type is under half the national share or absent. At the top, Affluent Mature Owner Couples at 1.87x and Affluent Owner Family Suburbs at 1.63x are the two strongest lifts, and the OPC is the only roster in the series over-indexed on both.

LifeMode of the dominant segment, share of tracts
LifeModeOPCNation
L1  Family suburbs and exurbs52.6%52.1%
L9  Corridor commuters12.4%6.8%
L5  Established and mature11.2%8.3%
L7  New-build6.3%5.2%
L2  Working established4.8%6.0%
L6  Gateway4.5%9.4%
L10  Holdouts and fringe2.7%4.6%
L4  Creative renters2.7%3.3%
L8  Urban residential1.8%3.4%
L3  Young adult apartment0.9%0.9%
Context modifiers, share of tracts carrying each
ModifierOPCNation
Public housing community13.3%15.4%
Displacement pressure12.7%11.7%
Long-commute rhythm12.4%14.1%
Military-adjacent12.4%11.2%
Household crowding pressure7.3%11.4%
Elevated chronic-health burden4.5%12.8%
Renter cost pressure4.2%2.9%
University-town context3.3%2.3%
Limited-English concentration2.7%5.4%
Retirement-community profile1.2%1.9%
Farmworker concentration1.2%1.9%
HBCU-adjacent0.9%2.2%

Chronic-health burden is flagged on 4.5 percent of OPC tracts against 12.8 nationally, a third of the rate and the lowest in the series. Renter cost pressure is the one modifier of hardship that runs above the nation, and it agrees with housing stability being the one alignment domain above 50.

Demographics, tract means
MeasureOPCNation
Child share of population20.9%21.4%
Elderly share18.4%17.6%
Working-age share60.8%60.9%
Family household share65.6%64.7%
Racial diversity index0.5100.528
Age diversity index0.8330.817
09

Field signals

Scored on 198 of the 331 tracts, 59.8 percent. Every share below is of those 198.

Signal score, tier and flags
MeasureOPCNation
Signal score, mean45.649.8
Tier: watch84.3%70.6%
Tier: hot10.1%22.7%
Tier: positive5.6%6.7%
Flag: thin presence65.2%74.2%
Flag: daytime isolation45.5%65.2%
Flag: housing pressure71.2%53.7%
Flag: accessible desert9.6%14.8%
Flag: new activity6.1%7.7%
Flag: easing4.5%4.9%
Flag: intensifying2.0%4.8%
Flag: school-age pressure2.0%3.7%
Flag: displacement risk0.5%1.4%

The coolest signal profile in the series: hot tracts at under half the national rate, watch tracts at 84 percent. The one flag that runs hot is housing pressure, at 71.2 percent against 53.7. Three separate layers now say the same thing about OPC ground, that it is comfortable on every measure but the cost of living in it.

10

Twenty-four neighborhood patterns

Share of tracts where the pattern is unhealthy. Ten risk-named patterns are swapped before counting and marked.

Ordered by national rate
PatternOPCNationGap
Household mix100.0%100.0%0.0
Children in the city100.0%100.0%0.0
Old people everywhere100.0%99.3%+0.7
Life cycle99.7%99.3%+0.4
Neighborhood tissue79.2%85.6%−6.4
Stable family anchor86.1%84.5%+1.6
Social belonging75.5%78.1%−2.6
Caregiver pressure *77.9%72.5%+5.4
Community fragmentation *63.7%71.5%−7.8
Family pressure *66.5%65.9%+0.6
Civic anchor node59.5%64.9%−5.4
Activity nodes59.2%63.6%−4.4
Small public squares56.8%62.8%−6.0
Mosaic of subcultures71.3%61.5%+9.8
Network of paths56.2%57.7%−1.5
Burnout belt *59.5%57.0%+2.5
School-age pressure *48.0%50.8%−2.8
Under-resourced *53.8%50.1%+3.7
Third-space deficit *48.9%49.7%−0.8
Car-dependent exurb *53.2%49.5%+3.7
Identifiable neighborhood2.1%4.8%−2.7
Elder isolation *0.0%0.4%−0.4
Transient renters *0.0%0.1%−0.1

* risk-named, polarity swapped before counting.

The largest departure on any pattern for any roster: mosaic of subcultures is unhealthy in 71.3 percent of OPC tracts against 61.5 nationally, ten points worse. The OPC's neighborhoods are more uniform than the country's. The public fabric otherwise runs healthier than the nation, with community fragmentation eight points better, neighborhood tissue six, small public squares six and civic anchors five. Well-kept, well-connected and homogeneous.

11

Situation tags

Resolved on 318 of 331 tracts, 96.1 percent.

Share of tracts carrying each tag
TagOPCNationRatio
Thin church ecology56.2%62.9%0.89
Housing fragility42.9%36.9%1.16
Rising need13.9%13.6%1.02
Pressure rising13.6%11.9%1.14
Conditions improving9.4%8.9%1.06
Accessible desert9.1%11.1%0.82
Daytime isolation7.6%24.1%0.32
Health crisis6.9%4.8%1.44
Gospel absence6.0%6.8%0.88
Majority-minority3.6%9.8%0.37
Compound stress3.6%5.6%0.64
Mercy entry indicated3.6%4.2%0.86
Chronic disinvestment3.6%3.9%0.92
New church activity3.0%4.6%0.65

Daytime isolation is raised on OPC tracts at a third of the national rate, majority-minority at 37 percent of it, and both are the lowest in the series. Housing fragility is the one hardship tag above the nation, at 1.16. That is the fourth layer to point at housing.

12

The nearest churchless high-need tract

Distance from each congregation to the nearest of the 547 churchless high-need tracts
Median distance
30.2 mi
Within five miles
35
Within fifteen miles
109
Distinct target tracts referenced
148
10.5%of congregations are within five miles of one; 32.6% within fifteen. The 148 distinct targets are the most of any reformed roster, because the OPC is spread across 44 states.
The target tracts nearest for the most congregations
PlaceCongregations
Chelsea, Suffolk County, MA15
Pierce County, WA14
Milwaukee County, WI13
Muskegon County, MI11
Towson, Baltimore County, MD10
13

The opening frontier

The roster against the 2,186 opening deserts and their 3,185-tract mirror
Congregations standing in an opening desert
2
Share of the roster
0.6%
Congregations in the mirror
7
Mirror to frontier ratio
3.5 : 1
Presence against chance
0.23
0.23is the actual two against the 8.6 tracts a random scatter of 331 would put on the frontier. The OPC is the furthest from chance of any roster in the series and has the highest mirror ratio.

Two congregations. The section stops there. The two figures that carry are the rate, 0.6 percent, the lowest of the four rosters, and the mirror ratio of 3.5 to 1, the highest. Section 4 already said why: the OPC's modal posture is Strengthen, viable ground that is already reached, and the frontier is by definition not that.

14

Seventeen presbyteries

The directory carries a presbytery for each congregation. The six largest are read side by side below, with the other eleven pooled. Each column rests on twenty-one to thirty-five tracts, so differences under four or five points are inside the noise.

MeasureS. CaliforniaSoutheastNY & New EnglandSouthwestSouthMidwestOther elevenNation
Congregations353324242321174—
Access (GDI)45.947.244.545.651.645.745.650.0
Need pressure46.050.740.252.352.745.842.450.2
Poverty8.8%9.8%7.5%14.4%13.6%9.4%9.4%13.2%
Churches in tract6.011.96.29.39.911.68.16.8
No church at all2.9%3.0%8.3%0.0%4.3%0.0%1.2%11.6%
GDI 60+8.8%9.1%4.2%12.5%17.4%9.5%6.4%20.3%
GIM v3 change per 4 yr1.231.812.81−0.191.681.521.301.39
Shalom 202454.049.359.847.747.354.257.649.6
Shalom change 2020 to 2024−1.27−0.68+1.20+0.51+0.40−2.26−0.20−0.76
MVI61.455.056.163.053.353.052.651.2
Suburban20.6%69.7%75.0%70.8%56.5%66.7%55.2%42.8%
Urban, sparse58.8%18.2%12.5%29.2%34.8%23.8%30.8%32.1%

Three things separate the presbyteries. The South and the Southwest stand on the hardest ground in the denomination, at need pressure of 52 to 53 and poverty of 13 to 14 percent, which is the country's ground; New York and New England stand on the easiest, at 40.2 and 7.5 percent, twelve points and six points below the nation. Southern California is the only presbytery that is not suburban: 59 percent sparse urban, twenty-one percent suburban, with the highest viability. And the direction of the ground differs: Midwest and Southern California tracts fell on Shalom by more than a point since 2020 while New York and New England, the Southwest and the South rose.

Read as one body the OPC is a comfortable suburban denomination. Read by presbytery, two of its six largest stand on national-average ground and one stands on the best-off ground in the entire four-roster series. The roster carries the column that shows this, and the denomination could see it in its own records.

15

Against the other rosters

All four columns are tract means on distinct tracts, computed the same way.

MeasureOPCPCAARPAGNation
Congregations placed3341,73425611,008—
Distinct tracts3311,6742439,65084,414
States with a church44502350—
Access (GDI)46.146.148.150.350.0
Need pressure45.148.550.752.750.2
Poverty9.9%12.1%12.2%14.7%13.2%
Churches in tract8.510.816.59.76.8
Miles to nearest church0.770.570.601.080.96
MVI54.855.650.551.251.2
Suburban56.5%52.8%57.6%54.2%42.8%
Exurban8.5%8.8%19.8%11.8%12.6%
Rural1.2%1.5%2.9%2.8%4.6%
Urban dense3.0%6.8%2.1%5.3%7.9%
Access tier: Arid7.9%10.9%19.8%18.0%18.9%
Shalom 202454.951.549.347.349.6
Shalom change 2020 to 2024−0.29−0.69−0.89−0.67−0.76
Share in an opening desert0.6%1.6%2.3%2.1%—
Frontier presence against chance0.230.580.950.85—
Mirror to frontier ratio3.52.01.72.0—

Across the series the four rosters order the same way on nearly every measure of ground: OPC, then PCA, then ARP, then AG, from easiest to hardest, from best-served to national-average access, from least to most rural, and from furthest below chance on the frontier to nearest it. The OPC anchors the comfortable end of every one of those orderings.

16

What this cannot say

331The base is small. One tract is 0.3 percent, the two half-coverage layers rest on 198 and 175, and the presbytery columns on twenty-one to thirty-five. Differences under two points on the whole roster and under five within a presbytery are inside the noise.
4Four rows did not join, all in Puerto Rico, which the church-fit index does not cover. The directory arrived geocoded, so there is no material geocoding loss.
7Churchless is not unreached. Seven OPC tracts show no church in the national church data despite the OPC congregation known to be there.
—The two clocks disagree in section 7 and both are reported. GIM v3 reads Shalom over twelve windows and puts the OPC on the nation; the four-vintage trajectory reads the access score and puts it at fifteen times the national drift. They measure different things.
—Two ACS columns are empty in both the dump and the national cache and are not reported.
—The directory carries no dates. One snapshot.
—Nothing here counts ministry. Where the buildings are and what kind of ground surrounds them.
A1

How to reproduce every figure

Sections 1 through 12 are denom:audit on opc-gospelgraph-dump.csv, saved as opc-full-layer-audit.txt. Section 14 is the same with --groupby presbytery --top 6, saved as opc-presbytery-audit.txt. Section 8's thirty-segment table is opc-segments-all-30.csv. Section 13 is denom:frontier. All in design/denominations/, with the scripts and column dictionary in README.md and RUNBOOK.md.